HSK 5 Vocabulary List 词汇表

The complete official HSK 5 word list from the HSK exam syllabus (《HSK 考试大纲》, 2025-11): 1600 words with tone-marked pinyin, part of speech, and English meanings, built on 431 characters. Every word links to its word page, and every character links to a stroke-order page.

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1600

Vocabulary words

431

Required characters

9.4

Average strokes

HSK 3.0

2025 syllabus

Stroke order

The 431 characters of HSK 5

Each character page has a stroke-order animation and a step-by-step breakdown.

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Word list

All 1600 HSK 5 words

1600 words across 3 pages — page 1 covers letters #–j.

The syllabus lists one word as two identical rows (same written form, pinyin and part of speech), so it is shown once below — the official count above still includes both rows.

# 16

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
哎	āi	interj.	hey!; (interjection used to attract attention or to express surprise or disapprobation)
哎呀	āiyā	interj.	interjection of wonder, shock or admiration
唉	ài	interj.	alas; oh dear
爱护	àihù	v.	to cherish; to treasure; to take care of; to love and protect
安	ān	adj. / v.	(bound form) calm; peaceful; to calm; to set at ease; safe; secure; in good health; content; satisfied (as in 安于); to place (sb) in a suitable position (job); to install; to fix; to fit; to bring (a charge against sb); to harbor (certain intentions); ampere (abbr. for 培)
安全带	ānquándài	n.	seat belt
安慰	ānwèi	v. / adj.	to comfort; to console
安装	ānzhuāng	v.	to install; to erect; to fix; to mount; installation
暗	àn	adj.	(literary) to close (a door); to eclipse; confused; ignorant (variant of 暗); dark (variant of 暗)
熬夜	áoyè	v.	to stay up late or all night
儿女	érnǚ	n.	children; sons and daughters; a young man and a young woman (in love)
二手	èrshǒu	adj.	indirectly acquired; second-hand (information, equipment etc); assistant
二维码	èrwéimǎ	n.	two-dimensional barcode; QR code
哦	ò	interj.	oh (interjection indicating that one has just learned sth)
欧洲	Ōuzhōu	n.	Europe (abbr. for 欧罗巴洲)
偶然	ǒurán	adj.	incidentally; occasional; occasionally; by chance; randomly

b 72

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
把握	bǎwò	v. / n.	to grasp (also fig.); to seize; to hold; assurance; certainty; sure (of the outcome)
白	bái	adj. / adv.	white; snowy; pure; bright; empty; blank; plain; clear; to make clear; in vain; gratuitous; free of charge; reactionary; anti-communist; funeral; to stare coldly; to write wrong character; to state; to explain; vernacular; spoken lines in opera
半夜	bànyè	num. / n.	midnight; in the middle of the night
傍晚	bàngwǎn	n.	in the evening; when night falls; towards evening; at night fall; at dusk
包裹	bāoguǒ	v. / n.	to wrap up; to bind up; bundle; parcel; package
包含	bāohán	v.	to contain; to embody; to include
包括	bāokuò	v.	to comprise; to include; to involve; to incorporate; to consist of
包装	bāozhuāng	v. / n.	to pack; to package; to wrap; packaging
薄	báo	adj.	thin; cold in manner; indifferent; weak; light; infertile
宝	bǎo	n.	jewel; gem; treasure; precious
保	bǎo	v. / n.	to defend; to protect; to keep; to guarantee; to ensure; civil administration unit in the baojia 甲 system (old)
保安	bǎo’ān	v. / n.	to ensure public security; to ensure safety (for workers engaged in production); public security; security guard
宝贝	bǎobèi	n.	treasured object; treasure; darling; baby; cowry; good-for-nothing or queer character
保持	bǎochí	v.	to keep; to maintain; to hold; to preserve
保存	bǎocún	v.	to conserve; to preserve; to keep; to save (a file etc) (computing)
宝贵	bǎoguì	adj.	valuable; precious; to value; to treasure; to set store by
保留	bǎoliú	v.	to keep; to retain; to have reservations (about sth); to hold back (from saying sth); to put aside for later
保险	bǎoxiǎn	n. / adj.	insurance; to insure; safe; secure; be sure; be bound to
保质期	bǎozhìqī	n.	shelf life; expiration date
报到	bàodào	v.	to report for duty; to check in; to register
报道	bàodào	v. / n.	to report (news); report
报告	bàogào	v. / n.	to inform; to report; to make known; report; speech; talk; lecture
报警	bàojǐng	v.	to sound an alarm; to report sth to the police
暴雨	bàoyǔ	n.	torrential rain; rainstorm
抱怨	bàoyuàn	v.	to complain; to grumble; to harbor a complaint; to feel dissatisfied
背	bèi	n. / v. / adj.	the back of a body or object; to turn one's back; to hide something from; to learn by heart; to recite from memory; unlucky (slang); hard of hearing
背后	bèihòu	n.	behind; at the back; in the rear; behind sb's back
背景	bèijǐng	n.	background; backdrop; context; (fig.) powerful backer
被子	bèizi	n.	quilt
本	běn	adv. / pron.	root; stem; origin; source; this; the current; original; inherent; originally; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc
本地	běndì	n.	local; this locality
本领	běnlǐng	n.	skill; ability; capability
本人	běnrén	pron.	I; me; myself; oneself; yourself; himself; herself; the person concerned
本质	běnzhì	n.	essence; nature; innate character; intrinsic quality
彼此	bǐcǐ	pron.	each other; one another
比分	bǐfēn	n.	score
比例	bǐlì	n.	proportion; scale
比喻	bǐyù	v. / n.	to compare; to liken to; metaphor; analogy; figure of speech; figuratively
必	bì	adv.	certainly; must; will; necessarily
毕竟	bìjìng	adv.	after all; all in all; when all is said and done; in the final analysis
避免	bìmiǎn	v.	to avert; to prevent; to avoid; to refrain from
闭幕式	bìmùshì	n.	closing ceremony
必然	bìrán	adj. / n.	inevitable; certain; necessity
必需	bìxū	v.	to need; to require; essential; indispensable
必要	bìyào	adj.	necessary; essential; indispensable; required
便	biàn	adv.	plain; informal; suitable; convenient; opportune; to urinate or defecate; equivalent to 就: then; in that case; even if; soon afterwards
变动	biàndòng	v.	to change; to fluctuate; change; fluctuation
便利	biànlì	adj. / v.	convenient; easy; to facilitate
便利店	biànlìdiàn	n.	convenience store
标题	biāotí	n.	title; heading; headline; caption; subject
标志	biāozhì	n. / v.	sign; mark; symbol; logo; to symbolize; to indicate; to mark
表达	biǎodá	v.	to express; to convey
表面	biǎomiàn	n.	surface; face; outside; appearance
表明	biǎomíng	v.	to make clear; to make known; to state clearly; to indicate; known
表情	biǎoqíng	n.	(facial) expression; to express one's feelings
别	bié	v.	to leave; to part (from); (literary) to differentiate; to distinguish; (bound form) other; another; different; don't ...!; to fasten with a pin or clip; to stick in; to insert (in order to hinder movement); (noun suffix) category (e.g. 性别, 派别)
饼	bǐng	n.	round flat cake; cookie; cake; pastry
病房	bìngfáng	n.	ward (of a hospital); sickroom
病情	bìngqíng	n.	state of an illness; patient's condition
拨打	bōdǎ	v.	to call; to dial
玻璃	bōli	n.	glass; (slang) male homosexual
博物馆	bówùguǎn	n.	museum
不利	búlì	adj.	unfavorable; disadvantageous; harmful; detrimental
不幸	búxìng	adj. / n.	misfortune; adversity; unfortunate; sad; unfortunately
不要紧	búyàojǐn	adj.	unimportant; not serious; it doesn't matter; never mind; it looks all right, but
补充	bǔchōng	v.	to replenish; to supplement; to complement; additional; supplementary
不得了	bùdéliǎo	adj.	desperately serious; disastrous; extremely; exceedingly
不符	bùfú	v.	inconsistent
不良	bùliáng	adj.	bad; harmful; unhealthy
不然	bùrán	conj. / adj.	not so; no; or else; otherwise; if not; How about ...?
步行	bùxíng	v.	to go on foot; to walk
不足	bùzú	v. / n.	insufficient; lacking; deficiency; not enough; inadequate; not worth; cannot; should not

c 128

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
才	cái	n.	(variant of 才) just now; (variant of 才) (before an expression of quantity) only
裁判	cáipàn	v. / n.	judgment; to referee; umpire; judge; referee
采访	cǎifǎng	v.	to interview; to gather news; to hunt for and collect; to cover
采取	cǎiqǔ	v.	to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action); to take
彩色	cǎisè	n.	color; multicolored
采用	cǎiyòng	v.	to adopt; to employ; to use
参考	cānkǎo	v.	consultation; reference; to consult; to refer
餐饮	cānyǐn	n.	food and beverage; catering; repast
参与	cānyù	v.	to participate (in sth)
藏	cáng	v.	to conceal; to hide away; to harbor; to store; to collect
操作	cāozuò	v.	to work; to operate; to manipulate
册	cè	mw.	book; booklet; classifier for books
测	cè	v.	to survey; to measure; to conjecture
测试	cèshì	v.	to test (machinery etc); to test (a person's skill in a particular area); a test; (computing) beta (version of software)
曾	céng	adv.	once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)
曾经	céngjīng	adv.	once; already; former; previously; ever; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)
插	chā	v.	old variant of 插
差别	chābié	n.	difference; distinction; disparity
差距	chājù	n.	disparity; gap
叉子	chāzi	n.	fork
拆	chāi	v.	to tear open; to tear down; to tear apart; to open
产	chǎn	v.	to give birth; to reproduce; to produce; product; resource; estate; property
产量	chǎnliàng	n.	output
产品	chǎnpǐn	n.	goods; merchandise; product
产业	chǎnyè	n.	industry; estate; property; industrial
长处	chángchù	n.	good aspects; strong points
长度	chángdù	n.	length
长久	chángjiǔ	adj.	(for a) long time
长期	chángqī	n. / adj.	long term; long time; long range (of a forecast)
常识	chángshí	n.	common sense; general knowledge
尝试	chángshì	v.	to try; to attempt
长途	chángtú	adj.	long distance
长远	chángyuǎn	adj.	long-term; long-range
场所	chǎngsuǒ	n.	location; place
超	chāo	v.	to exceed; to overtake; to surpass; to transcend; to pass; to cross; ultra-; super-
超出	chāochū	v.	to exceed; to overstep; to go too far; to encroach
超级	chāojí	adj.	super-; ultra-; hyper-
超速	chāosù	v.	to exceed the speed limit; to speed; high-speed
朝	cháo	v. / prep.	imperial or royal court; government; dynasty; reign of a sovereign or emperor; court or assembly held by a sovereign or emperor; to make a pilgrimage to; facing; towards
吵	chǎo	adj. / v.	to quarrel; to make a noise; noisy; to disturb by making a noise
炒	chǎo	v.	to sauté; to stir-fry; to speculate; to hype; to fire (sb)
车祸	chēhuò	n.	traffic accident; car crash
车库	chēkù	n.	garage
车辆	chēliàng	n.	vehicle
车厢	chēxiāng	n.	carriage
车主	chēzhǔ	n.	vehicle owner
彻底	chèdǐ	adj.	thorough; thoroughly; complete
沉	chén	v. / adj.	to submerge; to immerse; to sink; to keep down; to lower; to drop; deep; profound; heavy
沉默	chénmò	v.	taciturn; uncommunicative; silent
称	chēng	v.	to weigh; to state; to name; name; appellation; to praise
称为	chēngwéi	v.	to be called; to be known as; to call it "..."
称赞	chēngzàn	v.	to praise; to acclaim; to commend; to compliment
成本	chéngběn	n.	(manufacturing, production etc) costs
承担	chéngdān	v.	to undertake; to assume (responsibility etc)
程度	chéngdù	n.	degree; level; extent
成分	chéngfèn	n.	composition; ingredient; element; component; one's social status
成果	chéngguǒ	n.	result; achievement; gain; profit
成就	chéngjiù	n. / v.	accomplishment; success; achievement; to achieve (a result); to create; to bring about
成立	chénglì	v.	to establish; to set up; to be tenable; to hold water
成年	chéngnián	v.	to grow to adulthood; fully grown; adult; the whole year
城区	chéngqū	n.	city district; urban area
成人	chéngrén	v. / n.	adult
承认	chéngrèn	v.	to admit; to concede; to recognize; recognition (diplomatic, artistic etc); to acknowledge
承受	chéngshòu	v.	to bear; to support; to inherit
成熟	chéngshú	v. / adj.	mature; ripe; to mature; to ripen; Taiwan pr. [chéng shóu]
乘务员	chéngwùyuán	n.	attendant on an airplane, train, boat etc
程序	chéngxù	n.	procedures; sequence; order; computer program
成员	chéngyuán	n.	member
成长	chéngzhǎng	v.	to mature; to grow; growth
橙子	chéngzi	n.	orange
池	chí	n.	surname Chi
持续	chíxù	v.	to continue; to persist; to last; sustainable; preservation
尺子	chǐzi	n.	ruler (measuring instrument)
翅膀	chìbǎng	n.	wing
冲	chōng	v.	thoroughfare; to go straight ahead; to rush; to clash
充电	chōngdiàn	v.	to recharge (a battery); (fig.) to recharge one's batteries (through leisure); to update one's skills and knowledge
充分	chōngfèn	adj.	ample; sufficient; adequate; full; fully; to the full
充满	chōngmǎn	v.	full of; brimming with; very full; permeated
充值	chōngzhí	v.	to recharge (money onto a card); to top up
充足	chōngzú	adj.	adequate; sufficient; abundant
重复	chóngfù	v.	variant of 重复
虫子	chóngzi	n.	insect; bug; worm
宠物	chǒngwù	n.	house pet
抽	chōu	v.	to draw out; to pull out from in between; to remove part of the whole; (of certain plants) to sprout or bud; to whip or thrash
丑	chǒu	adj.	shameful; ugly; disgraceful
臭	chòu	adj.	stench; smelly; to smell (bad); repulsive; loathsome; terrible; bad; severely; ruthlessly; dud (ammunition)
初	chū	n. / adv. / pref.	at first; (at the) beginning; first; junior; basic
出版	chūbǎn	v.	to publish
初级	chūjí	adj.	junior; primary
初期	chūqī	n.	initial stage; beginning period
出色	chūsè	adj.	remarkable; outstanding
出售	chūshòu	v.	to sell; to offer for sale; to put on the market
出席	chūxí	v.	to attend; to participate; present
出自	chūzì	v.	to come from
除夕	chúxī	n.	lunar New Year's Eve
处	chǔ	v.	to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to be situated at; to stay; to get along with; to be in a position of; to deal with; to discipline; to punish
处理	chǔlǐ	v.	to handle; to deal with; to punish; to treat sth by a special process; to process; to sell at reduced prices
处于	chǔyú	v.	to be in (some state, position, or condition)
处	chù	n.	place; location; spot; point; office; department; bureau; respect; classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point
传	chuán	v.	to pass on; to spread; to transmit; to infect; to transfer; to circulate; to conduct (electricity)
传播	chuánbō	v.	to disseminate; to propagate; to spread
传递	chuándì	v.	to transmit; to pass on to sb else; (math.) transitive
传说	chuánshuō	v. / n.	legend; folk tale; to repeat from mouth to mouth; they say that...
传统	chuántǒng	n. / adj.	tradition; traditional; convention; conventional
窗台	chuāngtái	n.	window sill; window ledge
床单	chuángdān	n.	bed sheet
创新	chuàngxīn	v. / n.	to bring forth new ideas; to blaze new trails; innovation
创业	chuàngyè	v.	to begin an undertaking; to start a major task; to initiate; to venture; venture; entrepreneurship
创造	chuàngzào	v.	to create; to bring about; to produce; to set (a record)
创作	chuàngzuò	v. / n.	to create; to produce; to write; creative work; creation
词汇	cíhuì	n.	vocabulary; list of words (e.g. for language teaching purposes); word
辞职	cízhí	v.	to resign
此后	cǐhòu	n.	after this; afterwards; hereafter
此前	cǐqián	n.	before this; before then; previously
此时	cǐshí	n.	now; this moment
刺激	cìjī	v. / n.	to provoke; to irritate; to upset; to stimulate; to excite; irritant
从不	cóng bù	—	never
从而	cóng’ér	conj.	thus; thereby
从前	cóngqián	n.	previously; formerly; once upon a time
从事	cóngshì	v.	to go for; to engage in; to undertake; to deal with; to handle; to do
促进	cùjìn	v.	to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost
促使	cùshǐ	v.	to induce; to promote; to urge; to impel; to bring about; to provoke; to drive (sb to do sth); to catalyze; to actuate; to contribute to (some development)
促销	cùxiāo	v.	to promote sales
催	cuī	v.	to urge; to press; to prompt; to rush sb; to hasten sth; to expedite
存放	cúnfàng	v.	to deposit; to store; to leave in sb's care
存款	cúnkuǎn	v. / n.	to deposit money (in a bank etc); bank savings; bank deposit
存在	cúnzài	v.	to exist; to be; existence
措施	cuòshī	n.	measure; step

d 101

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
达成	dáchéng	v.	to reach (an agreement); to accomplish
打扮	dǎban	v.	to decorate; to dress; to make up; to adorn; manner of dressing; style of dress
打包	dǎbāo	v.	to wrap; to pack; to put leftovers in a doggy bag for take-out; (computing) to package (i.e. create an archive file)
打断	dǎduàn	v.	to interrupt; to break off; to break (a bone)
打破	dǎpò	v.	to break; to smash
打听	dǎting	v.	to ask about; to make some inquiries; to ask around
大胆	dàdǎn	adj.	brazen; audacious; outrageous; bold; daring; fearless
大多	dàduō	adv.	for the most part; many; most; the greater part; mostly
大会	dàhuì	n.	general assembly; general meeting; convention
大力	dàlì	n. / adv.	energetically; vigorously
大妈	dàmā	n.	father's elder brother's wife; aunt (affectionate term for an elderly woman)
大米	dàmǐ	n.	(husked) rice
大脑	dànǎo	n.	brain; cerebrum
大批	dàpī	adj.	large quantities of
大厦	dàshà	n.	(used in the names of grand buildings such as 百老汇大厦 Broadway Mansions (in Shanghai) or 帝国大厦 Empire State Building etc)
大事	dàshì	n.	major event; major political event (war or change of regime); major social event (wedding or funeral); (do sth) in a big way
大象	dàxiàng	n.	elephant
大型	dàxíng	adj.	large; large-scale
大爷	dàye	n.	(coll.) father's older brother; uncle; term of respect for older man
大于	dàyú	v.	greater than; bigger than; more than
大众	dàzhòng	n.	the masses; the great bulk of the population; popular (of music, science etc)
代	dài	v. / n.	to substitute; to act on behalf of others; to replace; generation; dynasty; age; period; (historical) era; (geological) eon
代表	dàibiǎo	n. / v.	representative; delegate; to represent; to stand for; on behalf of; in the name of
带动	dàidòng	v.	to spur; to provide impetus; to drive
代替	dàitì	v.	to replace; to take the place of
待遇	dàiyù	n.	treatment; pay; salary; status; rank
单	dān	adj. / adv. / n. / mw.	bill; list; form; single; only; sole; odd number
单独	dāndú	adv.	alone; by oneself; on one's own
担任	dānrèn	v.	to hold a governmental office or post; to assume office of; to take charge of; to serve as
单一	dānyī	adj.	single; only; sole
单元	dānyuán	n.	unit (forming an entity); element; (in a residential building) entrance or staircase
胆小	dǎnxiǎo	adj.	cowardice; timid
淡	dàn	adj.	insipid; diluted; weak; mild; light in color; tasteless; indifferent; (variant of 氮) nitrogen
当地	dāngdì	n.	local
当年	dāngnián	n.	in those days; then; in those years; during that time
当前	dāngqián	v. / n.	the present time; to be faced with
当中	dāngzhōng	n.	among; in the middle; in the center
挡	dǎng	v.	variant of 挡
当	dàng	v.	at or in the very same...; suitable; adequate; fitting; proper; to replace; to regard as; to think; to pawn; (coll.) to fail (a student)
当成	dàngchéng	v.	to consider as; to take to be
当作	dàngzuò	v.	to treat as; to regard as
倒	dǎo	v.	to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally; to fail; to go bankrupt; to overthrow; to change (trains or buses); to move around; to resell at a profit
导演	dǎoyǎn	v. / n.	to direct; director (film etc)
导致	dǎozhì	v.	to lead to; to create; to cause; to bring about
到达	dàodá	v.	to reach; to arrive
道理	dàolǐ	n.	reason; argument; sense; principle; basis; justification
到期	dàoqī	v.	to fall due (loan etc); to expire (visa etc); to mature (investment bond etc)
登	dēng	v.	to scale (a height); to ascend; to mount; to publish or record; to enter (e.g. in a register); to press down with the foot; to step or tread on; to put on (shoes or trousers) (dialect); to be gathered and taken to the threshing ground (old)
灯光	dēngguāng	n.	(stage) lighting; light
登记	dēngjì	v.	to register (one's name)
登录	dēnglù	v.	to register; to log in
等待	děngdài	v.	to wait; to wait for
等候	děnghòu	v.	to wait; to wait for
等于	děngyú	v.	to equal; to be tantamount to
低头	dītóu	v.	to bow the head; to yield; to give in
的确	díquè	adv.	really; indeed
敌人	dírén	n.	enemy
递	dì	v.	to hand over; to pass on; to deliver; (bound form) progressively; in the proper order
地理	dìlǐ	n.	geography
地面	dìmiàn	n.	floor; ground; surface
地区	dìqū	n.	local; regional; district (not necessarily formal administrative unit); region; area; as suffix to city name, means prefecture or county (area administered by a prefecture-level city or, county-level city)
地位	dìwèi	n.	position; status; place
地下	dìxià	n. / adj.	underground; subterranean; covert
地震	dìzhèn	v.	earthquake
点心	diǎnxin	n.	light refreshments; pastry; dim sum (in Cantonese cooking); dessert
点赞	diǎnzàn	v.
电池	diànchí	n.	battery
电动	diàndòng	adj.	electric-powered; (Tw) video game
电器	diànqì	n.	(electrical) appliance; device
电商	diànshāng	n.	e-commerce (abbr. for 电子商务)
电视台	diànshìtái	n.	television station
电子版	diànzǐbǎn	n.	electronic edition; digital version
调	diào	v.	to transfer; to move (troops or cadres); to investigate; to enquire into; accent; view; argument; key (in music); mode (music); tune; tone; melody
调研	diàoyán	v.	to investigate and research; research; investigation
定期	dìngqī	v. / adj.	at set dates; at regular intervals; periodic; limited to a fixed period of time; fixed term
丢失	diūshī	v.	to lose; to misplace
冻	dòng	v.	to freeze; to feel very cold; aspic or jelly
洞	dòng	n.	cave; hole; zero (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers)
动画	dònghuà	n.	animation; cartoon
动人	dòngrén	adj.	touching; moving
动手	dòngshǒu	v.	to set about (a task); to hit; to punch; to touch
豆腐	dòufu	n.	tofu; bean curd
豆浆	dòujiāng	n.	soy milk
独立	dúlì	v. / adj.	independent; independence; to stand alone
独特	dútè	adj.	unique; distinctive
读音	dúyīn	n.	pronunciation; literary (rather than colloquial) pronunciation of a Chinese character
独自	dúzì	adv.	alone
堵	dǔ	v. / adj. / mw.	to block up (a road, pipe etc); to stop up (a hole); (fig.) (of a person) choked up with anxiety or stress; wall (literary); (classifier for walls)
度	dù	mw. / n. / v. / suf.	to pass; to spend (time); measure; limit; extent; degree of intensity; degree (angles, temperature etc); kilowatt-hour; classifier for events and occurrences
短处	duǎnchù	n.	shortcoming; defect; fault; one's weak points
短期	duǎnqī	n. / adj.	short term; short-term
断	duàn	v.	to break; to snap; to cut off; to give up or abstain from sth; to judge; (usu. used in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly
堆	duī	v. / n. / mw.	to pile up; to heap up; a mass; pile; heap; stack; large amount
对比	duìbǐ	v. / n.	to contrast; contrast; ratio
对待	duìdài	v.	to treat; treatment
对手	duìshǒu	n.	opponent; rival; competitor; (well-matched) adversary; match
队伍	duìwu	n.	ranks; troops; queue; line; procession
对象	duìxiàng	n.	target; object; partner; boyfriend; girlfriend
吨	dūn	mw.	ton (loanword); Taiwan pr. [dùn]
朵	duǒ	mw.	variant of 朵
躲	duǒ	v.	to hide; to dodge; to avoid

f 60

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
发表	fābiǎo	v.	to issue; to publish
发布	fābù	v.	to release; to issue; to announce; to distribute
发达	fādá	adj. / v.	well-developed; flourishing; to develop; to promote; to expand; (literary) to achieve fame and fortune; to prosper
发挥	fāhuī	v.	to display; to exhibit; to bring out implicit or innate qualities; to express (a thought or moral); to develop (an idea); to elaborate (on a theme)
发明	fāmíng	v. / n.	to invent; an invention
发起	fāqǐ	v.	to originate; to initiate; to launch (an attack, an initiative etc); to start; to propose sth (for the first time)
发言	fāyán	v. / n.	to make a speech; statement; utterance
发音	fāyīn	v. / n.	to pronounce
罚	fá	v.	variant of 罚
罚款	fákuǎn	v. / n.	to fine; penalty; fine (monetary)
法院	fǎyuàn	n.	court of law; court
翻	fān	v.	variant of 翻
番茄	fānqié	n.	tomato
繁荣	fánróng	adj. / v.	prosperous; booming (economy)
反	fǎn	adj. / v. / adv.	contrary; in reverse; inside out or upside down; to reverse; to return; to oppose; opposite; against; anti-; to rebel; to use analogy; instead; abbr. for 切 phonetic system
反而	fǎn’ér	adv.	on the contrary; instead
反复	fǎnfù	adv. / v. / n.	repeatedly; over and over; to upend; unstable; to come and go; (of an illness) to return
返回	fǎnhuí	v.	to return to; to come (or go) back
反应	fǎnyìng	v. / n.	to react; to respond; reaction; response; reply; chemical reaction
反映	fǎnyìng	v.	to mirror; to reflect; mirror image; reflection; (fig.) to report; to make known; to render
反正	fǎnzhèng	adv.	anyway; in any case; to come over from the enemy's side
范围	fànwéi	n.	range; scope; limit; extent
方	fāng	adj. / n.	square; power or involution (math.); upright; honest; fair and square; direction; side; party (to a contract, dispute etc); place; method; prescription (medicine); just when; only or just; classifier for square things; abbr. for square or cubic meter
方案	fāng’àn	n.	plan; program (for action etc); proposal; proposed bill
防	fáng	v.	to protect; to defend; to guard against; to prevent
房屋	fángwū	n.	house; building
防止	fángzhǐ	v.	to prevent; to guard against; to take precautions
仿佛	fǎngfú	adv.	to seem; as if; alike; similar
访问	fǎngwèn	v.	to visit; to call on; to interview
飞行	fēixíng	v.	(of planes etc) to fly; flying; flight; aviation
飞行员	fēixíngyuán	n.	pilot; aviator
非洲	Fēizhōu	n.	Africa
分别	fēnbié	v. / adv. / n.	to part; to leave each other; to distinguish; to tell apart; difference; distinction; in different ways; differently; separately; individually
分布	fēnbù	v.	to scatter; to distribute; to be distributed (over an area etc); (statistical, geographic) distribution
纷纷	fēnfēn	adj. / adv.	one after another; in succession; one by one; continuously; diverse; in profusion; numerous and confused; pell-mell
分类	fēnlèi	v.	to classify
分离	fēnlí	v.	to separate
分配	fēnpèi	v.	to distribute; to assign; to allocate; to partition (a hard drive)
分手	fēnshǒu	v.	to part company; to split up; to break up
分析	fēnxī	v.	to analyze; analysis
分享	fēnxiǎng	v.	to share (let others have some of sth good)
奋斗	fèndòu	v.	to strive; to struggle
丰富多彩	fēngfù-duōcǎi	—	richly colorful
风格	fēnggé	n.	style
疯狂	fēngkuáng	adj.	crazy; frenzied; wild
风俗	fēngsú	n.	social custom
风险	fēngxiǎn	n.	risk; hazard
否定	fǒudìng	v. / adj.	to negate; to deny; to reject; negative (answer); negation
否认	fǒurèn	v.	to declare to be untrue; to deny
夫妇	fūfù	n.	a (married) couple; husband and wife
扶	fú	v.	to support with the hand; to help sb up; to support oneself by holding onto something; to help
福	fú	n.	good fortune; happiness; luck
服装	fúzhuāng	n.	dress; clothing; costume; clothes
副	fù	mw.	secondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; abbr. for 副词 adverb; classifier for pairs, sets of things & facial expressions
富	fù	adj.	rich; abundant; wealthy
付出	fùchū	v.	to pay; to expend; to invest (energy or time)
负担	fùdān	v. / n.	to bear (an expense, a responsibility etc); burden
妇女	fùnǚ	n.	woman
富有	fùyǒu	adj. / v.	rich; wealthy; affluent; to be rich in; to be replete with
复制	fùzhì	v.	to duplicate; to make a copy of; to copy; to reproduce; to clone

g 83

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
改革	gǎigé	v.	reform; to reform
改进	gǎijìn	v.	to improve; to make better; improvement
改善	gǎishàn	v.	to make better; to improve
改天	gǎitiān	adv.	another day
改正	gǎizhèng	v.	to correct; to amend; to put right; correction
盖	gài	n. / v.	lid; top; cover; canopy; to cover; to conceal; to build
概括	gàikuò	v. / adj.	to summarize; to generalize; briefly; in broad outline
概念	gàiniàn	n.	concept; idea
敢于	gǎnyú	v.	to have the courage to do sth; to dare to; bold in
刚好	gānghǎo	adj. / adv.	just; exactly; to happen to be
高大	gāodà	adj.	tall; lofty; towering
高档	gāodàng	adj.	superior quality; high grade; top grade
高度	gāodù	n. / adj.	height; altitude; elevation; high degree; highly
高级	gāojí	adj.	high level; high grade; advanced; high-ranking
高科技	gāokējì	n.	high tech; high technology
高效	gāoxiào	adj.	efficient; highly effective
搞	gǎo	v.	to do; to make; to go in for; to set up; to get hold of; to take care of
告别	gàobié	v.	to leave; to part from; to bid farewell to; to say goodbye to
歌词	gēcí	n.	song lyric; lyrics
歌曲	gēqǔ	n.	song
隔	gé	v.	to separate; to partition; to stand or lie between; at a distance from; after or at an interval of
格外	géwài	adv.	especially; particularly
个别	gèbié	adv. / adj.	individually; one by one; just one or two; exceptional; rare
各行各业	gèháng-gèyè	—	every trade; all professions; all walks of life
个人	gèrén	n.	individual; personal; oneself
个性	gèxìng	n.	individuality; personality
各自	gèzì	pron.	each; respective; apiece
根	gēn	n. / mw.	root; basis; classifier for long slender objects, e.g. cigarettes, guitar strings; radical (chemistry)
根本	gēnběn	n. / adj. / adv.	fundamental; basic; root; simply; absolutely (not); (not) at all
更换	gēnghuàn	v.	to replace (a worn-out tire etc); to change (one's address etc)
更新	gēngxīn	v.	to replace the old with new; to renew; to renovate; to upgrade; to update; to regenerate
公布	gōngbù	v.	to announce; to make public; to publish
工程	gōngchéng	n.	engineering; an engineering project; project; undertaking
工程师	gōngchéngshī	n.	engineer
工具	gōngjù	n.	tool; instrument; utensil; means (to achieve a goal etc)
功能	gōngnéng	n.	function; capability
公平	gōngpíng	adj.	fair; impartial
公务员	gōngwùyuán	n.	functionary; office-bearer
恭喜	gōngxǐ	v.	to congratulate; (interj.) congratulations!
工业	gōngyè	n.	industry
工艺	gōngyì	n.	arts and crafts; industrial arts
公寓	gōngyù	n.	apartment building; block of flats
贡献	gòngxiàn	v. / n.	to contribute; to dedicate; to devote; contribution
共享	gòngxiǎng	v.	to share; to enjoy together
沟通	gōutōng	v.	to join; to connect; to link up; to communicate
构成	gòuchéng	v. / n.	to constitute; to form; to compose; to make up; to configure (computing)
古	gǔ	adj.	ancient; old; paleo-
鼓	gǔ	n. / v. / adj.	drum; to drum; to strike; to rouse; to bulge; to swell
古代	gǔdài	n.	ancient times
古老	gǔlǎo	adj.	ancient; old; age-old
鼓掌	gǔzhǎng	v.	to applaud; to clap
固定	gùdìng	v.	to fix; to fasten; to set rigidly in place; fixed; set; regular
故乡	gùxiāng	n.	home; homeland; native place
挂号	guàhào	v.	to register (at a hospital etc); to send by registered mail
怪	guài	adj. / v. / adv.	variant of 怪
关闭	guānbì	v.	to close; to shut (a window etc); (of a shop, school etc) to shut down
观察	guānchá	v.	to observe; to watch; to survey
观点	guāndiǎn	n.	point of view; viewpoint; standpoint
观念	guānniàn	n.	notion; thought; concept; sense; views; ideology; general impressions
冠军	guànjūn	n.	champion
光临	guānglín	v.	(formal) to honor with one's presence; to attend
光明	guāngmíng	n. / adj.	light; radiance; (fig.) bright (prospects etc); openhearted
光线	guāngxiàn	n.	light ray; light; illumination; lighting (for a photograph)
广	guǎng	adj.	wide; numerous; to spread
广场	guǎngchǎng	n.	public square; plaza
广大	guǎngdà	adj.	(of an area) vast or extensive; large-scale; widespread; (of people) numerous
广泛	guǎngfàn	adj.	extensive; wide range
规律	guīlǜ	n. / adj.	rule (e.g. of science); law of behavior; regular pattern; rhythm; discipline
规模	guīmó	n.	scale; scope; extent
规则	guīzé	n. / adj.	rule; regulation; rules and regulations
贵姓	guìxìng	n.
柜子	guìzi	n.	cupboard; cabinet
滚	gǔn	v.	to boil; to roll; to take a hike; Get lost!
锅	guō	n.	pot; pan; wok; cauldron; pot-shaped thing
国画	guóhuà	n.	traditional Chinese painting
国庆	guóqìng	n.	National Day
果然	guǒrán	adv.	really; sure enough; as expected; if indeed
果实	guǒshí	n.	fruit (produced by a plant); (fig.) fruits (of success etc); results; gains
过度	guòdù	adj.	excessive; over-; excess; going too far; extravagant; intemperate; overdue
过分	guòfèn	adj.	excessive; undue; overly
过敏	guòmǐn	v.	oversensitive; allergic; allergy
过期	guòqī	v.	to be overdue; to exceed the time limit; to expire (as in expiration date)
过于	guòyú	adv.	too much; excessively

h 61

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
哈	hā	onom. / interj.	(interj.) ha!; (onom. for laughter); (slang) to be infatuated with; to adore; abbr. for 奇, husky (dog)
海关	hǎiguān	n.	customs (i.e. border crossing inspection)
海外	hǎiwài	n.	overseas; abroad
海鲜	hǎixiān	n.	seafood
含	hán	v.	to keep in the mouth; to contain
含量	hánliàng	n.	content; quantity contained
含有	hányǒu	v.	to contain; including
汗水	hànshuǐ	n.	sweat; perspiration
行	háng	n. / mw.	row; line; commercial firm; line of business; profession; to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age); (in data tables) row; (Tw) column
行业	hángyè	n.	trade; profession; industry; business
好评	hǎopíng	n.	favorable criticism; positive evaluation
好运	hǎoyùn	n.	good luck
好转	hǎozhuǎn	v.	to improve; to take a turn for the better; improvement
好	hào	v.	to be fond of; to have a tendency to; to be prone to
好奇	hàoqí	adj.	inquisitive; curious; inquisitiveness; curiosity
合	hé	v.	variant of 合
合法	héfǎ	adj.	lawful; legitimate; legal
盒饭	héfàn	n.	meal in a partitioned box
合理	hélǐ	adj.	rational; reasonable; sensible; fair
河流	héliú	n.	river
合同	hétóng	n.	(business) contract
合影	héyǐng	v. / n.	to take a joint photo; group photo
合作	hézuò	v.	to cooperate; to collaborate; to work together; cooperation
黑	hēi	adj.	black; dark; sinister; secret; shady; illegal; to hide (sth) away; to vilify; (loanword) to hack (computing)
红	hóng	adj.	red; popular; revolutionary; bonus
猴子	hóuzi	n.	monkey
厚度	hòudù	n.	thickness
后果	hòuguǒ	n.	consequences; aftermath
忽视	hūshì	v.	to neglect; to overlook; to disregard; to ignore
呼吸	hūxī	v.	to breathe
湖	hú	n.	lake
蝴蝶	húdié	n.	butterfly
胡同	hútòng	n.	variant of 同
互动	hùdòng	v.	to interact; interactive
户外	hùwài	n.	outdoor
花费	huāfèi	v.	expense; cost; to spend (time or money); expenditure
滑	huá	adj. / v.	to slip; to slide; slippery; smooth; sly; slippery; not to be trusted
划	huá	v.	to cut; to slash; to scratch (cut into the surface of sth); to strike (a match)
化	huà	suf. / v.	to make into; to change into; -ization; to ... -ize; to transform; abbr. for 化学
话费	huàfèi	n.	call charge
画面	huàmiàn	n.	scene; tableau; picture; image; screen (displayed by a computer); (motion picture) frame; field of view
话题	huàtí	n.	subject (of a talk or conversation); topic
化学	huàxué	n.	chemistry; chemical
环节	huánjié	n.	(zoology) segment (of the body of a worm, centipede etc); (fig.) a part of an integrated whole: aspect (of a project), element (of a policy), sector (of the economy), stage (of a process) etc
缓解	huǎnjiě	v.	to bring relief; to alleviate (a crisis); to dull (a pain)
缓慢	huǎnmàn	adj.	slow
黄瓜	huángguā	n.	cucumber
黄金	huángjīn	n.	gold; golden (opportunity); prime (time)
灰	huī	n. / adj.	ash; dust; lime; gray; discouraged; dejected
挥	huī	v.	to wave; to brandish; to command; to conduct; to scatter; to disperse
恢复	huīfù	v.	to reinstate; to resume; to restore; to recover; to regain; to rehabilitate
灰色	huīsè	n. / adj.	gray; ash gray; grizzly; pessimistic; gloomy; dispirited; ambiguous
回收	huíshōu	v.	to recycle; to reclaim; to retrieve; to recover; to recall (a defective product)
汇率	huìlǜ	n.	exchange rate
婚礼	hūnlǐ	n.	wedding ceremony; wedding
伙	huǒ	mw.	companion; partner; group; classifier for groups of people; to combine; together
伙伴	huǒbàn	n.	partner; companion; comrade
火锅	huǒguō	n.	hotpot
或是	huòshì	adv. / conj.	or; either one or the other
货物	huòwù	n.	goods; commodity; merchandise
或许	huòxǔ	adv.	perhaps; maybe

j 129

Word	Pinyin	POS	Definition
机构	jīgòu	n.	mechanism; structure; organization; agency; institution
激烈	jīliè	adj.	(of competition or fighting) intense; fierce; (of pain) acute; (of an expression of opinion) impassioned; vehement; (of a course of action) drastic; extreme
机器	jīqì	n.	machine
机器人	jīqìrén	n.	robot; android
肌肉	jīròu	n.	muscle; flesh
及	jí	conj.	and; to reach; up to; in time for
级	jí	n. / mw.	level; grade; rank; step (of stairs); classifier: step, level
集	jí	n. / mw.	to gather; to collect; collected works; classifier for sections of a TV series etc: episode
疾病	jíbìng	n.	disease; sickness; ailment
及格	jígé	v.	to pass an exam or a test; to meet a minimum standard
集合	jíhé	v.	to gather; to assemble; (math.) set
即将	jíjiāng	adv.	on the eve of; to be about to; to be on the verge of
急忙	jímáng	adv.	hastily
极其	jíqí	adv.	extremely
集体	jítǐ	n.	collective (decision); joint (effort); a group; a team; en masse; as a group
急需	jíxū	v.	to urgently need; urgent need
急诊	jízhěn	v. / n.	to give or receive urgent medical treatment; emergency treatment (at a hospital emergency department, or from a doctor on a house call)
集中	jízhōng	v. / adj.	to concentrate; to centralize; to focus; centralized; concentrated; to put together
挤	jǐ	v. / adj.	to crowd in; to cram in; to force others aside; to press; to squeeze; to find (time in one's busy schedule)
系	jì	v.	to tie; to fasten; to button up
季度	jìdù	n.	quarter of a year; season (sports)
记录	jìlù	v. / n.	to record; record (written account); note-taker; record (in sports etc)
纪录	jìlù	n.	variant of 记录 (but in Taiwan, not for the verb sense "to record")
纪录片	jìlùpiàn	n.	newsreel; documentary (film or TV program)
技能	jìnéng	n.	technical ability; skill
纪念	jìniàn	v. / n.	to commemorate; to honor the memory of; memento; keepsake; souvenir
纪念日	jìniànrì	n.	day of commemoration; memorial day
计算	jìsuàn	v.	to count; to calculate; to compute
计算机	jìsuànjī	n.	computer; (Tw) calculator
记忆	jìyì	v. / n.	to remember; to recall; memory
记载	jìzǎi	v.	to write down; to record; written account
嘉宾	jiābīn	n.	esteemed guest; honored guest; guest (on a show)
家电	jiādiàn	n.	household electric appliance; abbr. for 家用电器
加工	jiāgōng	v.	to process; processing; working (of machinery)
加热	jiārè	v.	to heat
加深	jiāshēn	v.	to deepen
加速	jiāsù	v.	to speed up; to expedite
家务	jiāwù	n.	household duties; housework
甲	jiǎ	n.	first of the ten Heavenly Stems 干; (used for an unspecified person or thing); first (in a list, as a party to a contract etc); letter "A" or roman "I" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc; armor plating; shell or carapace; (of the fingers or toes) nail; bladed leather or metal armor (old); ranking system used in the Imperial examinations (old); civil administration unit in the baojia 甲 system (old); ancient Chinese compass point: 75°
假如	jiǎrú	conj.	if
架	jià	n. / v. / mw.	to support; frame; rack; framework; classifier for planes, large vehicles, radios etc
驾驶	jiàshǐ	v.	to pilot (ship, airplane etc); to drive
驾照	jiàzhào	n.	driver's license
价值	jiàzhí	n.	value; worth; fig. values (ethical, cultural etc)
艰苦	jiānkǔ	adj.	difficult; hard; arduous
坚强	jiānqiáng	adj.	staunch; strong
捡	jiǎn	v.	to pick up; to collect; to gather
剪	jiǎn	v.	scissors; shears; clippers; to cut with scissors; to trim; to wipe out or exterminate
剪刀	jiǎndāo	n.	scissors
减肥	jiǎnféi	v.	to lose weight
简历	jiǎnlì	n.	curriculum vitae (CV); résumé; biographical notes
简直	jiǎnzhí	adv.	simply; really
建	jiàn	v.	to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct
键	jiàn	n.	key (on a piano or computer keyboard); button (on a mouse or other device); chemical bond; linchpin
渐渐	jiànjiàn	adv.	gradually
建立	jiànlì	v.	to establish; to set up; to found
键盘	jiànpán	n.	keyboard
建设	jiànshè	v.	to build; to construct; to establish; to develop; to institute
建造	jiànzào	v.	to construct; to build
建筑	jiànzhù	v. / n.	to construct; building
将近	jiāngjìn	adv.	almost; nearly; close to
讲话	jiǎnghuà	n.	a speech; to speak; to talk; to address
讲究	jiǎngjiu	v. / adj.	to pay particular attention to; carefully selected for quality; tastefully chosen
奖励	jiǎnglì	v.	to reward; reward (as encouragement)
讲述	jiǎngshù	v.	to talk about; to narrate; to give an account
讲座	jiǎngzuò	n.	a course of lectures
降水	jiàngshuǐ	v.	rain and snow
浇	jiāo	v.	to pour liquid; to irrigate (using waterwheel); to water; to cast (molten metal); to mold
交换	jiāohuàn	v.	to exchange; to swap; to switch (telecom); commutative (math); to commute
交往	jiāowǎng	v.	to associate (with); to have contact (with); to hang out (with); to date; (interpersonal) relationship; association; contact
交易	jiāoyì	v. / n.	to deal; to trade; to transact; transaction; deal
脚步	jiǎobù	n.	footstep; step
角度	jiǎodù	n.	angle; point of view
较	jiào	prep. / adv.	to compare; to dispute; compared to; (before adj.) relatively; comparatively; rather; also pr. [jiǎo]
教材	jiàocái	n.	teaching material
接触	jiēchù	v.	to touch; to contact; access; in touch with
接待	jiēdài	v.	to receive (a visitor); to admit (allow sb to enter)
阶段	jiēduàn	n.	stage; section; phase; period
接近	jiējìn	v.	to approach; to get close to
接收	jiēshōu	v.	reception (of transmitted signal); to receive; to accept; to admit; to take over (e.g. a factory); to expropriate
结	jié	v. / n.	knot; sturdy; bond; to tie; to bind; to check out (of a hotel)
结构	jiégòu	n.	structure; composition; makeup; architecture
结合	jiéhé	v.	to combine; to link; to integrate; binding
结论	jiélùn	n.	conclusion; verdict; to conclude; to reach a verdict
节省	jiéshěng	v.	saving; to save; to use sparingly; to cut down on
届	jiè	mw.	to arrive at (place or time); period; to become due; classifier for events, meetings, elections, sporting fixtures, years (of graduation)
今日	jīnrì	n.	today
紧	jǐn	adj. / v.	tight; strict; close at hand; near; urgent; tense; hard up; short of money; to tighten
紧急	jǐnjí	adj.	urgent; emergency
尽快	jǐnkuài	adv.	as quickly as possible; as soon as possible
尽量	jǐnliàng	adv.	as much as possible; to the greatest extent
紧密	jǐnmì	adj.	inseparably close
谨慎	jǐnshèn	adj.	cautious; prudent
进步	jìnbù	v. / adj.	progress; improvement; to improve; to progress
近代	jìndài	n.	the not-very-distant past; modern times, excluding recent decades; (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919); capitalist times (pre-1949)
进口	jìnkǒu	v.	to import; imported; entrance; inlet (for the intake of air, water etc)
尽力	jìnlì	v.	to strive one's hardest; to spare no effort
近年来	jìnnián lái	—	for the past few years
近期	jìnqī	n.	near in time; in the near future; very soon; recent
近日	jìnrì	n.	(in) the past few days; recently; (within) the next few days
进一步	jìnyíbù	adv.	to go a step further; (develop, understand, improve etc) more; further
经典	jīngdiǎn	n. / adj.	the classics; scriptures; classical; classic (example, case etc); typical
精力	jīnglì	n.	energy
精神	jīngshen	n. / adj.	vigor; vitality; drive; spiritual
惊喜	jīngxǐ	adj.	nice surprise; to be pleasantly surprised
经营	jīngyíng	v.	to engage in (business etc); to run; to operate
静	jìng	adj. / v.	still; calm; quiet; not moving
酒吧	jiǔbā	n.	bar; pub; saloon
久远	jiǔyuǎn	adj.	lasting; enduring; extending over a long period of time
救	jiù	v.	to save; to assist; to rescue
救护车	jiùhùchē	n.	ambulance
就业	jiùyè	v.	to get a job; employment
居民	jūmín	n.	resident; inhabitant
居然	jūrán	adv.	unexpectedly; to one's surprise; go so far as to
居住	jūzhù	v.	to reside; to dwell; to live in a place; resident in
橘子	júzi	n.	tangerine
据	jù	prep.	according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy
距	jù	v.	at a distance of; distance; to be apart
具备	jùbèi	v.	to possess; to have; equipped with; able to fulfill (conditions or requirements)
剧场	jùchǎng	n.	theater
巨大	jùdà	adj.	huge; immense; very large; tremendous; gigantic; enormous
据说	jùshuō	v.	it is said that; reportedly
具体	jùtǐ	adj. / v.	concrete; definite; specific
具有	jùyǒu	v.	to have; to possess
捐	juān	v.	to relinquish; to abandon; to contribute; to donate; (bound form) tax; levy
绝对	juéduì	adj. / adv.	absolute; unconditional
决赛	juésài	v. / n.	finals (of a competition)
角色	juésè	n.	role; character in a novel; persona; also pr. [jiǎo sè]
决心	juéxīn	n. / v.	determination; resolution; determined; firm and resolute; to make up one's mind